^CategoryArtificial Intelligence

^{Type
post

Author
News
Date
March 22, 2021

Categorized
Artificial Intelligence, Mathematics, Programming

Tagged
Creativity (and computers), Elon Musk, Featured, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Gregory Chaitin, Mathematica (math program), Robert J. Marks, Software (extendability), Stephen Wolfram, Unravelling Complexity (book), Wolfram Alpha (math program)}

How Stephen Wolfram Revolutionized Math Computing

_{Wolfram has not made computers creative but he certainly took a lot of the drudgery out of the profession} _{News

March 22, 2021

11

Artificial Intelligence, Mathematics, Programming}

In last week’s podcast, “The Chaitin Interview III: The Changing Landscape for Mathematics,” Walter Bradley Center director Robert J. Marks interviewed mathematician and computer scientist Gregory Chaitin on many things mathematical, including why math or engineering geniuses (Elon Musk came to mind, of course) can’t just follow the rules. This week, we look at Stephen Wolfram’s new program that checks your hard math. What can — and can’t — it do for mathematicians? https://episodes.castos.com/mindmatters/Mind-Matters-126-Gregory-Chaitin.mp3 This portion begins at 13:22 min. A partial transcript, Show Notes, and Additional Resources follow. Gregory Chaitin: Now, there is what I regard as a piece of AI, so it might be interesting to talk about it. My friend Stephen Wolfram (pictured), the system he’s created, Read More ›

SpaceX Concept Spacecraft in orbit of the Earth. SpaceX Elon Musk Mars programm 3d render

^{Type
post

Author
News
Date
March 21, 2021

Categorized
Artificial Intelligence, Mathematics, Neuroscience, Programming

Tagged
Brain-Computer Interface (BCI), Computer sim universe, Computers (creativity limits), Creativity, Elon Musk, Featured, Georg Cantor (illness), Gregory Chaitin, Kurt Gödel, Kurt Gödel (illness), Neuralink, Proof checkers (software), Robert J. Marks}

Why Elon Musk and Other Geniuses Can’t Afford To Follow Rules

_{Mathematician Gregory Chaitin explains why Elon Musk is, perhaps unexpectedly, his hero} _{News

March 21, 2021

12

Artificial Intelligence, Mathematics, Neuroscience, Programming}

In last week’s podcast, “The Chaitin Interview III: The Changing Landscape for Mathematics,” Walter Bradley Center director Robert J. Marks interviewed mathematician and computer scientist Gregory Chaitin on many things mathematical, including why great books on math, advancing new theorems, aren’t written much any more. This week, we look at why geniuses like Musk (whose proposed Mars Orbiter is our featured image above) simply can’t just follow the rules, for better or worse: https://episodes.castos.com/mindmatters/Mind-Matters-126-Gregory-Chaitin.mp3 This portion begins at 7:57 min. A partial transcript, Show Notes, and Additional Resources follow. Gregory Chaitin: Look at Elon Musk (pictured). He’s my great hero. He’s a wonderful engineer and he’s a wonderful entrepreneur and he doesn’t follow the rules. Robert J. Marks: He doesn’t, Read More ›

The first model of the computational mechanism is an arithmometer.

^{Type
post

Author
Eric Holloway
Date
March 16, 2021

Categorized
Artificial Intelligence, Programming

Tagged
Featured, intelligence, Lovelace test, Superintelligent AI, Turing Machine}

Computers Are Getting Faster But Are They Getting Smarter? No.

_{Computers are Turing machines, limited to operations that can be completely understood in relation to their programming} _{Eric Holloway

March 16, 2021

3

Artificial Intelligence, Programming}

Won’t quantum computers be smarter than regular ones? No. Still No. What about optical computing, computing with DNA, or some other exotic form of computation? Always No. A skeptical reader might ask, Why such a definitive answer? How do you deal with the spectacular performance of deep learning? What about AlphaGo Zero? What about Watson? What about the infamous Deep Blue? What about quantum supremacy? Don’t these examples all disprove your point? No. All forms of computation past, present, and future will be physical. And all physical phenomena can be modeled by a Turing machine (pictured). No matter how fast the computer runs, the computer will never be more powerful than a Turing machine. A Turing machine consists of five Read More ›

Real Php code developing screen. Programing workflow abstract algorithm concept. Lines of Php code visible under magnifying lens.

^{Type
post

Author
News
Date
March 15, 2021

Categorized
Artificial Intelligence, Programming

Tagged
Compression (of information), Featured, Gregory Chaitin, Hector Zenil, Kolmogorov complexity, Marvin Minsky, Paul Vitanyi, Randomness, Ray Solomonoff, Robert J. Marks}

How did Ray Solomonoff Kickstart Algorithmic Information Theory?

_{He started off the long pursuit of the shortest effective string of information that describes an object} _{News

March 15, 2021

10

Artificial Intelligence, Programming}

In last week’s podcast,, “The Chaitin Interview II: Defining Randomness,” Walter Bradley Center director Robert J. Marks interviewed mathematician and computer scientist Gregory Chaitin on how best to describe true randomness but also on what he recalls of Ray Solomonoff (1926–2009), described in his obit as the “Founding Father of algorithmic information theory.” https://episodes.castos.com/mindmatters/Mind-Matters-125-Gregory-Chaitin.mp3 This portion begins at 10:30 min. A partial transcript, Show Notes, and Additional Resources follow. Gregory Chaitin (pictured): Ray Solomonoff was interested in prediction but I was more interested in looking at a given string of bits and asking, does it have structure or not, and the incompleteness results regarding this question. For example, most strings of bits have no structure, according to this definition. They Read More ›

Beginning of the game, Two chess teams in front of different color white and black on the chessboard

^{Type
post

Author
Caitlin Cory
Date
March 10, 2021

Categorized
Artificial Intelligence, Censorship

Tagged
Algorithms, Antonio Radić, Artificial Intelligence, Ashique KhudaBukhsh, Big Tech, chess, Human in the loop, Rupak Sarkar, social media, YouTube}

AI Flags “Black” and “White” Language of Chess as Racist

_{New research shows the weakness of depending on AI to accurately flag racist online content} _{Caitlin Cory

March 10, 2021

5

Artificial Intelligence, Censorship}

Last summer, artificial intelligence algorithms took down a video on YouTube’s most popular chess channel mid-livestream and flagged it as containing “harmful and dangerous” content. New research into the incident indicates that artificial intelligence algorithms programmed to scan for racist and other hateful speech online may be to blame. On June 27, 2020, the host of the most popular chess chanel on YouTube, Antonio Radić, Croatian chess player, was conducting a livestream with chess Grandmaster Hikaru Nakamura. Around the one-hour-and-twenty-minute mark of the discussion of chess, the video was cut off and removed from Radić’s channel. When Radić (or anyone else) tried to access the video, they were met with a message from YouTube: “We’ve removed this video because it Read More ›

5G Network Internet Mobile Wireless Business concept.5G standard of modern signal transmission technology.

^{Type
post

Author
Stephen Berger
Date
March 10, 2021

Categorized
Artificial Intelligence, Philosophy of Mind

Tagged
5G, Artificial Intelligence, Belief systems, Featured, International Telecommunication Union – Radio (ITU-R), Myth, Narrative, ontology, Risk assessment, Risk management, Wireless spectrum}

How 5G Is Shaped By Narrative and Myth

_{Our perspective powerfully influences how we see things} _{Stephen Berger

March 10, 2021

7

Artificial Intelligence, Philosophy of Mind}

We all use narratives and sometimes myths to organize our thinking. According to WikiDiff, … the difference between narrative and myth is that narrative is the systematic recitation of an event or series of events while myth is a traditional story which embodies a belief regarding some fact or phenomenon… It is important to be aware and careful of the narratives we use. It is even more important to be reflective of the myths we follow. Myths, with their attendant belief systems, have a greater impact on our perceptions and actions than narratives. The stories we use to frame our understanding of the facts about a topic highlight some areas but blind us to others. We should think about topics Read More ›

Silhouette of human with universe and physical, mathematical formulas

^{Type
post

Author
News
Date
March 5, 2021

Categorized
Artificial Intelligence, Mathematics, Religion

Tagged
Carl Friedrich Gauss, Featured, Georg Cantor, God's existence, Gödel ’s Proof, Gregory Chaitin, infinity, Kurt Gödel, Leonhard Euler, Niels Henrik Abel, Robert J. Marks, Srinivasa Ramanujan}

Gregory Chaitin on the Great Mathematicians, East and West

_{Himself a “game-changer” in mathematics, Chaitin muses on what made the great thinkers stand out} _{News

March 5, 2021

12

Artificial Intelligence, Mathematics, Religion}

In this week’s podcast, “The Chaitin interview I: Chaitin chats with Kurt Gödel,” Walter Bradley Center director Robert J. Marks interviewed mathematician and computer scientist Gregory Chaitin on the almost supernatural awareness that the great mathematicians had of the foundations of reality in the mathematics of our universe: https://episodes.castos.com/mindmatters/Mind-Matters-124-Gregory-Chaitin.mp3 This discussion begins at 8:26 min. A partial transcript, Show Notes and Additional Resources follow. Robert J. Marks: There are few people who can be credited without any controversy with the founding of a game changing field of mathematics. We are really fortunate today to talk to Gregory Chaitin (pictured) who has that distinction. Professor Chaitin is a co-founder of the Field of Algorithmic Information Theory that explores the properties of Read More ›

electric vehicle of the future using smart electric car charging station at home frontal perspective

^{Type
post

Author
News
Date
March 3, 2021

Categorized
Artificial Intelligence, Business and Finance, Environment

Tagged
Apple (company), Autonomous Vehicles, Baidu, Batteries (electric cars), Britain, Cars (as addiction), China, Daimler, Electric car market, Electric vehicles, Farhad Manjoo, Geely, iCar concept, Jonathan Bartlett, Level 4 vs. Level 5 self-driving, Public transit (autonomous), self-driving cars}

Apple Is Once Again Eyeing the Smart Car Market

_{Other firms are jumping in or ramping up and, with the fog from the COVID-19 pandemic clearing, we are looking out at a broader array of new vehicle plans} _{News

March 3, 2021

5

Artificial Intelligence, Business and Finance, Environment}

Early in February, rumor had it that Apple is once again eyeing the smart car market, both electric and self-driving. Improved batteries and new environment regulations might make smart cars a promising new business area. According to USA Today, the “iCar” is certain to be an electric vehicle costing over $40,000. The self-driving part is more of a challenge: But a self-driving car could introduce a “longer timeframe” in part due to Apple CEO Tim Cook’s cautious approach to unveiling new products, Ives said. Automakers and tech companies have yet to solve the thorniest challenges associated with autonomous driving. Nathan Bomey, “Is Apple making an electric, self-driving car? If it does, here are 5 things you could see” at USA Read More ›

Robotic man cyborg face representing artificial intelligence 3D rendering

^{Type
post

Author
Eric Holloway
Date
March 2, 2021

Categorized
Artificial Intelligence, Medicine and Health, Technocracy

Tagged
Evolution, Featured, free will, Mark Alan Walker, Person-engineered technologies, Ray Kurzweil, Second Law of Thermodynamics, Singularity}

Are We Facing the Next, Very Rapid Stage of Evolution, via AI?

_{Prof. Mark Alan Walker: “Person-engineering technologies will make it possible to accomplish in a matter of years what evolution would take thousands of millennia to achieve.”} _{Eric Holloway

March 2, 2021

6

Artificial Intelligence, Medicine and Health, Technocracy}

These are certainly heady times in the biotech world. With the new mRNA vaccine being created in just a few days in January 2020, someone can mass produce DNA in their garage for the price of a hamburger, and Alpha Fold 2 can predict proteins from DNA with accuracy, rivalling wet lab results, it seems we are on the cusp of something extraordinary. Most viral infections will cease if all we need to do to roll out a new vaccine is sequence the virus genome and mass produce the portion that binds to human cells. On the darker side, it will also likely mean a greater threat of biowarfare. Creating a new virus may just be a matter of downloading Read More ›

Program development concept. Young man working with computer

^{Type
post

Author
Richard W. Stevens
Date
March 1, 2021

Categorized
Artificial Intelligence, Programming, Science

Tagged
Avida (software program), BASIC (programming language), Evolution (in software), InforMutation (software program), Learning (in software), Mutations (in programs), Neo-Darwinian theory and programming, Software evolution claims, Stephen C. Meyer}

Why Software Cannot Just Evolve — a Demonstration

_{The claims for Avida — a software program that is supposed to “evolve” solutions via neo-Darwinian evolution — fail the most basic test} _{Richard W. Stevens

March 1, 2021

10

Artificial Intelligence, Programming, Science}

A Michigan State University publication headlined a media release declaring: “Evolution of learning is key to better artificial intelligence” (September 19, 2019). Reportedly, researchers used the computer simulation software, Avida, to show the “evolution of learning.” On that view, artificial intelligence arises via neo-Darwinian evolution. Really? The “Sound Bites” Were Exciting… The university’s team “composed of biologists and computer scientists used a digital evolution program that allowed them to observe tens of thousands of generations of evolution in just a few hours, a feat unachievable with living systems.” According to the release: • “The results are the first demonstration that shows the evolution of associative learning in an artificial organism without a brain.” • “While the environment was simulated, the Read More ›

^{Type
post

Author
News
Date
February 28, 2021

Categorized
Artificial Intelligence, Philosophy, Religion, Surveillance

Tagged
1984 (book), 2084 (book), Atheism, C. S. Lewis, Featured, George Orwell, God's existence, immortality, John Lennox, Revelation (book in Bible), Robert J. Marks, Techno-immortality, That Hideous Strength (book), transhumanism}

Why Oxford’s John Lennox Wrote a Book on AI Promises and Threats

_{His book 2084 leans on George Orwell’s 1984 but takes its inspiration from C. S. Lewis’s That Hideous Strength} _{News

February 28, 2021

12

Artificial Intelligence, Philosophy, Religion, Surveillance}

Recently, Walter Bradley Center director Robert J. Marks interviewed Oxford mathematician John Lennox on his latest book 2084: Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Humanity (2020). He focused on why Lennox chose that theme and how far we have caught up with George Orwell’s 1984. Here are some excerpts from the combined interviews in “John Lennox on Artificial Intelligence and Humanity”: https://episodes.castos.com/mindmatters/Mind-Matters-123-John-Lennox.mp3 A partial transcript follows, along with highlights, Show Notes, and Resources: Robert J. Marks (starting at roughly 1:40 min): Many of Orwell’s predictions about communism were proven. So what will be the effects of AI a century later in the year 2084? Replacing George Orwell is Dr. John Lennox who has written 2084: Artificial Intelligence and the Future Read More ›

Bangkok, Thailand 25 AUG 2020. Men hand using digital tablet for search information on Google. Wireless Smartphone technology with intelligence search engine.

^{Type
post

Author
News
Date
February 25, 2021

Categorized
Artificial Intelligence, Business and Finance, Ethics

Tagged
Alex Hanna, bias, Diversity in hiring, FAccT, Google, Margaret Mitchell, Marian Croak, Search engines and bias, Timnit Gebru, Tom Simonite, William Isaac}

Another AI Ethics Head at Google Gets Fired Over Diversity Issues

_{The AI ethics team and Google management may have very different ideas about what “ethics” means} _{News

February 25, 2021

5

Artificial Intelligence, Business and Finance, Ethics}

On February 19, Google fired Margaret Mitchell, the AI ethics co-lead at Google Brain. Mitchell’s co-leading colleague, Timnit Gebru, had been fired in December, amid controversy. Both women were critical of Google’s diversity hiring record during the two years they worked together. The flashpoint in Mitchell’s case, for which she had been temporarily suspended earlier, hinged on claims of unauthorized use of files: In a statement, a Google spokesperson said Mitchell had shared “confidential business-sensitive documents and private data of other employees” outside the company. After Mitchell’s suspension last month, Google said activity in her account had triggered a security system. A source familiar with Mitchell’s suspension said she had been using a script to search her email for material Read More ›

^{Type
post

Author
Michael Egnor
Date
February 25, 2021

Categorized
Artificial Intelligence, Philosophy of Mind

Tagged
Featured, Knowing vs. thinking (Wittgenstein), Ludwig Wittgenstein, Self as illusion, Thomas Meitzinger}

A Reader Asks: Is It True That There Is No Self?

_{The assertion that self is an illusion is not even wrong — it’s self-refuting, like saying “I don’t exist” or “Misery is green”} _{Michael Egnor

February 25, 2021

4

Artificial Intelligence, Philosophy of Mind}

Sir, I am confused after reading the view of materialist philosophers regarding the sense of self. One of them, Thomas Meitzinger, a German philosopher and expert in conciousness, said that “There is no self” in his book. He said that self is an illusion produced by modules of brain. Is it so? Please help me understand this view. Thomas Meitzinger (pictured) is a prominent philosopher of mind who has a strong interest in artificial intelligence. I don’t know his work well, but what I do know of it, I find unintelligible. Perhaps it’s me, or perhaps he’s a sophist, or perhaps both. But this much is clear: My self cannot be an illusion, because having an illusion presupposes a self. Read More ›

^{Type
post

Author
News
Date
February 24, 2021

Categorized
Artificial Intelligence, Environment

Tagged
Costa Rica, Endangered species, GPS tracker, Kim Williams-Guillen, Paso Pacifico, Turtle eggs, Turtle eggs (decoys)}

AI May Help Save Endangered Turtles via GPS Tracking “Eggs”

_{InvestEGGator “eggs” look real but they conceal GPS trackers, which could identify turtle egg smugglers} _{News

February 24, 2021

4

Artificial Intelligence, Environment}

It’s an ingenious idea; too bad no one thought of it earlier: Place GPS-enabled decoy sea turtle eggs into nests on the beach and see where a smuggler takes them: The egg decoys, dubbed InvestEggator, were developed by the conservation organization Paso Pacifico to address the illegal trade of endangered sea turtles in Central America, where the eggs are smuggled from beaches and sold to restaurants and bars as a delicacy. Paso Pacifico-affiliated scientist Kim Williams-Guillen conceived and designed the decoys in response to a call for proposals from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Wildlife Crime Tech Challenge. Cell Press, “Tracking sea turtle egg traffickers with GPS-enabled decoy eggs” at ScienceDaily The paper is open access. Williams-Guillen Read More ›

Border collie dog catching frisbee in jump

^{Type
post

Author
News
Date
February 22, 2021

Categorized
Artificial Intelligence, Natural Intelligence

Tagged
Common sense, Common sense and AI, Jonathan Bartlett, Winograd Schema, Yuchen Lin}

Researchers Disappointed By Efforts to Teach AI Common Sense

_{When it comes to common sense, can the researchers really dispense with the importance of life experience?} _{News

February 22, 2021

5

Artificial Intelligence, Natural Intelligence}

A recent experiment showed that AI still does not show common sense: “Current machine text-generation models can write an article that may be convincing to many humans, but they’re basically mimicking what they have seen in the training phase,” said [PhD student Yuchen] Lin. “Our goal in this paper is to study the problem of whether current state-of-the-art text-generation models can write sentences to describe natural scenarios in our everyday lives.” University of Southern California, “New test reveals AI still lacks common sense” at ScienceDaily The paper is open access. Essentially, fake news bots can sound like the New York Times or marketing copy by generating mimics, after taking in thousands of natural examples. But it isn’t thinking about any Read More ›

^{Type
post

Author
News
Date
February 21, 2021

Categorized
Artificial Intelligence, Arts & Culture, Science

Tagged
Casey Luskin, Consciousness, Design hypothesis, Dr. Spock (Star Trek), Elon Musk, Martin Rees, Matrix (film), Michael Egnor, Neil deGrasse Tyson, Nick Bostrom, Non-computational thought, Sabine Hossenfelder, Simulation hypothesis}

Theoretical Physicist Argues, the Sim Universe Is Pseudoscience

_{It’s a lot of fun in science fiction and some scitech celebs buy in. But Sabine Hossenfelder and others explain why it’s fiction} _{News

February 21, 2021

6

Artificial Intelligence, Arts & Culture, Science}

Theoretical physicist Sabine Hossenfelder does not like the notion that we are living in a giant computer sim. Elon Musk likes it (“Elon Musk says there’s a ‘one in billions’ chance reality is not a simulation”) and so does Neil deGrasse Tyson (“Neil deGrasse Tyson says it’s ‘very likely’ the universe is a simulation”). Philosopher of science Nick Bostrom advanced that view in a seminal 2003 paper in Philosophical Quarterly. Former Astronomer Royal Martin Rees is sympathetic to it. Some call it the Planetarium hypothesis, when it is cited as a reason we do not see intelligent extraterrestrials. One source offers “15 irrefutable reasons” why, like Neo in The Matrix (1999), we might be living in a universe that is Read More ›

Social scoring and rating symbol abstract 3d illustration

^{Type
post

Author
Caitlin Cory
Date
February 19, 2021

Categorized
Artificial Intelligence, Surveillance

Tagged
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), China, Chinese Communist Party (CCP), Facial recognition in US jurisdictions, facial recognition systems, Featured, Government informants (China), John Lanchester, Li Xiaolin, Rod Dreher, Social credit score, surveillance capitalism, Uyghurs, Uyghurs in "re-education" camps}

Face recognition: Is the U.S. Copying China’s Surveillance State?

_{Although facial recognition (and the resulting “social credit score”) prevail in China, the technology is getting pushback in America} _{Caitlin Cory

February 19, 2021

8

Artificial Intelligence, Surveillance}

In a recent article, I recounted the story of Dana Kurtbek, who has faced harassment from the DHS and the FBI after facial recognition technology and anonymous reports placed her inside the Capitol Building during the riot on January 6th. By her own account, she never came closer than a mile from the Capitol. She expressed concern to Mind Matters News that the continuing harassment may have resulted from neighbors who disagree with her pro-Trump views reporting her to the federal government. Facial recognition technology and neighbors as informants may sound strange to American ears, but in China, both are essential elements of the Chinese Communist Party’s technocratic regime. In 2014, China unveiled a social credit system that Human Rights Read More ›

^{Type
post

Author
News
Date
February 19, 2021

Categorized
Artificial Intelligence, Censorship, Machine Learning

Tagged
Bullies, Cancel culture, Cancel culture (strategies for fighting back), Cancel culture bullies, Envy, Ibrahim X. Kendi, Insecurity, J. K. Rowlings, Pedro Domingos, Twitter mob}

How an AI Giant Beat Cancel Culture (You Can Too!)

_{A Twitter mob led by an AI industry bully made a mistake when it came for University of Washington's Pedro Domingos} _{News

February 19, 2021

8

Artificial Intelligence, Censorship, Machine Learning}

These days Cancel culture can descend suddenly on anyone who doesn’t think the way a Twitter mob likes about one or another issue. For example: ➤ Celebrity atheist scientist Richard Dawkins was Canceled from speaking at Trinity College in Ireland because he has said critical things about Islam and about some claims of sexual assault. Note: Dawkins says critical things about all religions but Cancel mobs focus narrowly. ➤ The enforcement is irrational. Antiracist author Ibrahim X. Kendi can make negative statements about transgender culture comparatively safely but J. K. Rowlings, in a similar circumstance, became the target of a vicious “deplatform” campaign, against which she ably defended herself. However, people who cannot write like Rowlings have not nearly been Read More ›

^{Type
post

Author
Denyse O'Leary
Date
February 18, 2021

Categorized
Artificial Intelligence, Medicine and Health

Tagged
COVID-19, David Hanson, Goldie Nejat, Hanson Robots, Japan and robots, Katrina Onstad, Robotic caregivers, Senior care, Sophia the Robot}

Sophia the Robot Retooled to Help With Senior Care

_{Hanson Robotics sees a huge opportunity in the COVID lockdowns for a mass robot rollout that substitutes for human companionship} _{Denyse O'Leary

February 18, 2021

5

Artificial Intelligence, Medicine and Health}

Hong Kong-based Hanson Robotics is rolling out Sophia the Robot, to help people cope with loneliness during government-enforced isolation as a response to COVID-19. Brushing aside claims that human contact is preferred, firm’s principals see the lockdowns as creating new opportunities for the robotics industry. Founder and CEO David Hanson says, “Sophia and Hanson robots are unique by being so human-like. That can be so useful during these times where people are terribly lonely and socially isolated”: Social robotics professor Johan Hoorn, whose research has included work with Sophia, said that although the technology is still in relative infancy, the pandemic could accelerate a relationship between humans and robots. “I can infer the pandemic will actually help us get robots Read More ›

^{Type
post

Author
Stephen Berger
Date
February 18, 2021

Categorized
Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning

Tagged
Amazon Web Services (AWS), Computer vs. human achievements, Elaine Rich, Featured, John Tsia, Robert J. Marks}

Exactly What IS Artificial Intelligence Anyway?

_{How does AI relate to machine learning (ML), neural computing, informatics, and a host of other hot CS buzz words?} _{Stephen Berger

February 18, 2021

7

Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning}

Robert J. Marks, director of the Walter Bradley Center for Natural & Artificial Intelligence, likes to explain AI by saying “AI is anything computers do that is kind of amazing.” (“Human Exceptionalism,” Reasons to Believe, August 8, 2020). Using this definition AI is a general term that includes a collection of computer science technologies. AI is fluid. Dr. Elaine Rich (pictured), noted computer scientist and an author of Artificial Intelligence, offers a more specific definition: “AI is the study of how to make computers do things which, at the moment, people do better.” (Accessed February 17, 2021) Relying on this definition John Hsia observes: “By definition, once a computer can do what people used to do better, it’s no longer Read More ›