^TagNeurons

Neuron cells sending electrical chemical signals. 3d illustration .

^{Type
post

Author
News
Date
January 5, 2023

Categorized
Medicine and Health, Neuroscience

Tagged
Andrew Knox, Brain vs. computer, Featured, Neural networks, Neurons, Robert J. Marks, Strokes, Strokes in childhood}

How Our Brains Are — and Aren’t — Like Computers

_{Pediatric neurologist Andrew Knox looks at the topic with computer engineer Robert J. Marks} _{News

January 5, 2023

9

Medicine and Health, Neuroscience}

In the podcast released today, Walter Bradley Center director Robert J. Marks interviewed pediatric neurologist Dr. Andrew Knox from the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health on “Ways the brain can break” (#220, January 5, 2023): The brain is a marvelous organ still not understood. Artificial neural networks are supposed to be a simulation of the human brain. But comparing the brain to an artificial neural network is like comparing the human heart to a pump handle. Dr. Andrew Knox and Dr. Robert J. Marks discuss the brain, aging, and neurology. https://mindmatters.ai/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/12/Mind-Matters-220-Andrew-Knox-Episode-1.mp3 This portion begins at 00:04 min. A partial transcript and Additional Resources follow. Robert J. Marks: I got to ask you kind of a personal Read More ›

black metal spiral staircase in grayscale photography

^{Type
post

Author
Eric Holloway
Date
August 8, 2022

Categorized
Artificial Intelligence, Philosophy of Mind, Programming

Tagged
AND function, Artificial neural networks (ANNs), Artificial neural networks vs. neurons, Decision regions in neural networks, Decision surfaces in neural networks, Featured, Incremental learning in neural networks, Logic functions, Logic functions and neural networks, Mind vs. brain, Mind vs. neural networks, Multilayer perceptrons, Neural networks' limitations, Neurons, Neurons vs. artificial neural networks, Perceptrons, Python (program), Truth tables, XOR function}

How AI Neural Networks Show That the Mind Is Not the Brain

_{A series of simple diagrams shows that, while AI learns faster than the human brain, the human mind tackles problems that stump AI} _{Eric Holloway

August 8, 2022

11

Artificial Intelligence, Philosophy of Mind, Programming}

Recently, I’ve been arguing (here and here, for example) that we can use artificial neural networks (ANNs) to prove that the mind is not the brain. To recap, here is the logic of my argument: Premise A: neural networks can learn better than the brainPremise B: the human mind can learn better than a neural networkConclusion: the human mind can learn better than the brain, therefore it is not the brain This means if we can conclusively show the human mind can learn better than a neural network, then the mind is not the brain. For Premise A, I’ve argued that the differentiable neural network is a superior learning model compared to the brain neuron’s “all or nothing principle”. The Read More ›

Illustration of synapse and neuron on a blue background.

^{Type
post

Author
News
Date
October 22, 2021

Categorized
Medicine and Health, Neuroscience

Tagged
Addiction (and RNA in neurons), Anxiety (and RNA in neurons), Brain (cell communications), Helen Miranda Knight, Neurons, Neurons (RNA and psychiatric disorders), Psychiatric disorders (and brain cells), Synapses}

Brain Cells Can Mislead Each Other, Cause Mental Disorders

_{Neuroscientists: When cells talk to each other, due to faulty signals given to proteins, they don’t always say the right things} _{News

October 22, 2021

3

Medicine and Health, Neuroscience}

Recent research in how brain cells talk to one another may help treat anxiety and addiction disorders, as well as dementias. Brain cells talk to each other through synapses, where molecules whose chemistry is interpreted as information are released and travel to the next cell: When people learn or remember things, this signalling is strengthened. When communication between synapses goes wrong, circuits become broken. As more circuits are lost, this changes how people can think and perform everyday tasks. This is seen in cognitive disorders, such as forms of dementia and some mental health conditions. University of Nottingham, “Scientists gain new understanding of how brain cells talk – which could help in the treatment of mental health conditions and memory Read More ›

^{Type
post

Author
News
Date
September 5, 2021

Categorized
Neuroscience

Tagged
Neurons}

How Complex Is a Single Neuron in Your Brain?

_{An artificial intelligence network did not do nearly as well} _{News

September 5, 2021

2

Neuroscience}

Every single neuron in your brain is this complex: Today, the most powerful artificial intelligence systems employ a type of machine learning called deep learning. Their algorithms learn by processing massive amounts of data through hidden layers of interconnected nodes, referred to as deep neural networks. As their name suggests, deep neural networks were inspired by the real neural networks in the brain, with the nodes modeled after real neurons — or, at least, after what neuroscientists knew about neurons back in the 1950s, when an influential neuron model called the perceptron was born. Since then, our understanding of the computational complexity of single neurons has dramatically expanded, so biological neurons are known to be more complex than artificial ones. Read More ›

^{Type
post

Author
News
Date
June 12, 2021

Categorized
Neuroscience

Tagged
brain, Memories, Neurons}

Researchers Can’t Explain: Memories Drift From Neuron to Neuron

_{Memories are supposed to stay put in the neurons that lay them down. A recent study, published at Nature, shows that they move a lot…} _{News

June 12, 2021

4

Neuroscience}

“Scientists are meant to know what’s going on, but in this particular case, we are deeply confused”, a recent article at The Atlantic begins. It’s about the way nervous system cells don’t simply lay down memories and keep them. The memories drift from neuron to neuron, quite contrary to textbook claims and traditional neuroscience assumptions: The relatively simple explanation found in neuroscience textbooks is that specific groups of neurons reliably fire when their owner smells a rose, sees a sunset, or hears a bell. These representations—these patterns of neural firing—presumably stay the same from one moment to the next. But as Schoonover, Fink, and others have found, they sometimes don’t. They change—and to a confusing and unexpected extent. Schoonover, Fink, Read More ›

^{Type
post

Author
News
Date
May 5, 2021

Categorized
Neuroscience

Tagged
Cortical pyramidal cells, epilepsy, Krembil Brain Institute, Neurons}

Human Neurons Are Different From Animal Ones, Researchers Say

_{A Canadian research team got a rare chance to compare live brain tissue from donors undergoing surgery with that of rodents} _{News

May 5, 2021

2

Neuroscience}

Most neuroscience studies on live neurons depend on animal neurons. But a group of researchers in Canada got the opportunity to study live neurons from 66 human donors undergoing brain surgery for epilepsy and tumors. So they had a chance to compare human with rodent neurons: “The goal of this study was to understand what makes human brain cells ‘human,’ and how human neuron circuitry functions as it does,” says Dr. Taufik Valiante, neurosurgeon, scientist at the Krembil Brain Institute at UHN and co-senior author on the paper. University Health Network, “Researchers Identify Unique Characteristics of Human Neurons” at Neuroscience News (May 3, 2021) Looking specifically at live human cortical pyramidal cells, they found “notable and unexpected differences between their Read More ›

^{Type
podcast

Author
Robert J. Marks and Yuri Danilov
Date
April 30, 2020

Tagged
blast concussive injury, blindness, braille, brain, brain size, brain trauma, Color, color perception, concussion, desynchronization, dopamine, Eidetic memory, Entropy, football, functional plasticity, glia, Homunculus, human visual system, myelin, neuromediator, Neuromodulation, Neurons, neuroplasticity, Neuroscience, Paul Bach-y-Rita, PoNS, portable neuromodulation stimulator (pons), stimulation, structural plasticity, transcranial magnetic stimulation, translingual neurostimulation, unmasking, Vision, Yuri Danilov}

Bingecast: Yuri Danilov on the Complexity of our Brains

_{Robert J. Marks and Yuri Danilov

April 30, 2020

3}

Recent discoveries about the brain have uncovered more of its complexity and changed what we thought we knew about it. Will more discoveries in the future change our views again? Robert J. Marks discusses neuroplasticity, restoring brain function through brain stimulation, and other fascinating discoveries about the human brain with Yuri Danilov. Show Notes 0:01:13 | Introducing Yuri Danilov, Senior Read More ›

^{Type
post

Author
News
Date
March 10, 2020

Categorized
Medicine and Health, Neuroscience

Tagged
Amputees, Muscles, Neurons, Prosthesis, Prosthetics}

Prosthetic Hand Controlled by Thoughts Alone? It’s Here.

_{Decades ago, no one could control a prosthesis only by thought. There is lots of room for the field to grow still} _{News

March 10, 2020

4

Medicine and Health, Neuroscience}

A key problem for amputees is that the nerves in the remaining part of a limb used to control a prosthesis usually produce only tiny signals. They are often hard for the nervous system to distinguish from mere noise. So, to control the limb by thoughts, the signals must be amplified. A new technique uses muscle grafts to amplify the signals.

Bingecast: JP Moreland on Changing the Pathways of Your Brain

_{JP Moreland and Michael Newton Keas

January 30, 2020

3}

Philosopher JP Moreland shares how twice he was incapacitated for months by panic attacks and anxiety. His new book, Finding Quiet, seeks to make the most of his suffering, condensing the crucial lessons learned from his research. He and guest host Mike Keas address the relative evidence for the soul and the brain, the integration of faith with knowledge from Read More ›

Human head in silhouette apparently on fire

^{Type
post

Author
News
Date
April 30, 2019

Categorized
Neuroscience, Philosophy of Mind

Tagged
human brain, Mind Brain, Neurons, Neuroscience}

The Human Brain: Even Basic Facts Are Hotly Contested

_{Keep that in mind when AI boosters claim that their product will function like a human brain} _{News

April 30, 2019

6

Neuroscience, Philosophy of Mind}

When we read that “Scientists Are Closer to Making Artificial Brains That Operate Like Ours Do”, we might ask: If career researchers dispute the question of how the brain works at basic levels, how can non-experts be so sure they have replicated it?